CONTENTS Introduction................... 1 Order Artiodactyla Owen............... 8 Family Bovidae Gray................ 8 Subfamily Bovinae Gill................ 8 Duboisia santeng (Dubois).............. 8 Epileptobos groeneveldtii (Dubois)............ 19 Hemibos triquetricornis Rütimeyer............ 60 Hemibos acuticornis (Falconer et Cautley).......... 61 Bubalus palaeokerabau Dubois............. 62 Bubalus bubalis (L.) subsp............... 77 Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois.............. 78 Bibos javanicus (d'Alton) subsp.............. 98 Subfamily Caprinae Gill................ 99 Capricornis sumatraensis (Bechstein) subsp........... 99 Literature cited.................. 106 Explanation of the plates............... 11o INTRODUCTION The Bovidae make up a very large portion of the Dubois collection of fossil vertebrates from Java, second only to the Proboscidea in bulk. Before Dubois began his explorations in Java in 1890 we knew very little about the fossil bovids of that island. Martin (1887, p. 61, pl. VII fig. 2) described a horn core as Bison sivalensis Falconer (?); Bison sivalensis Martin has already been placed in the synonymy of Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois by Von Koenigswald (1933, p. 93), which is evidently correct. Pilgrim (in Bron-