Quaternary Gibbons from the Malay Archipelago

CONTENTS Introduction................... i Order Primates.................. 3 Family Pongidae................. 3 Genus Symphalangus............... 3 Symphalangus syndactylus syndactylus (Raffles)........ 3 Symphalangus syndactylus continentis Thomas........ 5 Cave material of Symphalangus and Hylobates from Sumatra .... 10 Cave material of Symphalangus from Sumatra........ 18 Symphalangus syndactylus subfossilis nov. subsp......... 34 Pleistocene material of Symphalangus from Java........ 34 Genus Hylobates................. 34 Hylobates agilis Cuvier............... 34 Cave material of Hylobates from Sumatra.......... 37 Pleistocene material of Hylobates from Java......... 39 Cave material of Hylobates from Borneo.......... 39 Pleistocene material of Hylobates from China........ 40 References................... 40 Explanation of the plates............... 42 INTRODUCTION In the years 1888-1890 Eug. Dubois explored a number of limestone caves in the Padang Highlands, central Sumatra, and made a large collection of teeth of a great variety of mammals. The fauna is characterized by the relative abundance of orang-utan (more than 3000 teeth: Hooijer, 1948), and contains no extinct species. The cave teeth differ from their homologues