The material dealt with in this second part of "Octocorallia from the Malay Archipelago" comprises mainly specimens belonging to the family Nephtheidae. Most of these nephtheids were obtained during the cruise of the "Willebrord Snellius". In addition to this material I examined some specimens collected by the Siboga Expedition, which had to be identified or described again. Besides, there were in the Leiden Museum some unidentified colonies, obtained in Malayan waters. These, too, are now recorded. Several authors have already pointed out how difficult it is to identify Dendronephthya, owing to the unsatisfactory description by some previous authors, and because of the great number of variations within the same species. Suffice it to refer to the discussion of the genus by Kükenthal (1905), Sherriffs (1922), Thomson & Dean (1931), Roxas (1933), Utinomi (1952), and Tixier-Durivault & Prevorsek (1959). The last-mentioned authors (1959: 5) proposed to split the genus Dendronephthya into three new genera, viz., Spongodes, Roxasia and Morchellana, agreeing with Kükenthal's sections Glomeratae, Divaricatae and Umbellatae. In a report on octocorals collected by Israel Expeditions in the Red Sea I propose to show that I do not sympathize with this creation of three new genera, but that I am inclined to follow Utinomi (1962) in distinguishing three subgenera, viz., Dendronephthya, Roxasia and Morchellana. In order to detect the arrangement of the anthocodial spicules some zooids were carefully separated from the colony, then cleared in oil of cloves, and, after xylene, mounted in Canada-balsam. In Dendronephthya and Stereonephthya this method gave good results. The figures of the zooids of these genera have al been made from slides made in this way. In Nephthea and