Nomenclatorial notes on European Macrurous Crutacea Decapoda

The study of the older literature on Crustacea, from Linnaeus (1758) to H. Milne Edwards (1837), has been much neglected by modern carcinologists. A result of this is that many wrong names at present are used, especially for European species. The European species namely were most extensively studied by the older authors, while moreover in the middle of the previous century handbooks on the carcinological fauna of several parts of Europe were published (for instance Bell's (1844-1853) "A History of the British stalk-eyed Crustacea", and Heller's (1863) " Die Crustaceen des südlichen Europa"), which for many authors made a consultation of older works superfluous. It is astonishing to note how many names at present are used incorrectly for species of the group. The intention of the present paper is to deal with some of these nomenclatorial puzzles and to find the correct name for the species involved. PENAEIDAE Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskål) Cancer kerathurus Forsskål, 1775, Descr. Anim. It. orient., p. 95. Palaemon sulcatus Olivier, 1811, Encycl. méthod. Hist. nat., vol. 8, p. 661. Penaeus trisulcatus Leach, 1815, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. 11, p. 347. Alpheus Caramote Risso, 1816, Hist. nat. Crust. Nice, p. 90. Penaeus sulcatus Lamarck, 1818, Hist. nat. Anim. s. Vert., vol. 5, p. 206. Peneus caramote Risso, 1826, Hist. nat. Europ. mérid., vol. 5, p. 67. Penaeus kerathurus Sharp, 1893, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 1893, p. 109. The present species is best known under the name Penaeus caramote, though the name Penaeus trisulcatus also often is used for it. The species, however, was described for the first time neither in 1815 nor in 1816, but