In Part I of the well-known Book of Antelopes there is a figure (Plate XIV, fig. 2), under the name Cephalophus sylvicultrix representing an animal of a color quite different from all the known specimens of C. silvicultor and therefore too differing from the animal figured l.c. plate XIII. The authors of the Book of Antelopes, p. 130, relate: »our »second figure (Plate XIV, fig. 2), which was prepared by »Mr. Smit under Sir Victor Brooke’s directions, probably »represents a young male of this species; but we do not »know for certain from what specimen it was taken.” That this figure represents a young animal, as the authors of the Book of Antelopes suggested, is not very likely, as the figure agrees in size with that of the full-grown very old specimen on plate XIII, and as the horns are of the same size apparently as those of plate XIII; we may therefore be sure that this aberrant form has been drawn after an adult individual; nothing is to be seen in that drawing to base upon the suggestion about its sex; the locality too is unknown. There is now in our Museum an Antelope shot by Mr. Cox in North-Western Rhodesia; it is an adult male, an exceedingly splendid animal, so exactly agreeing with the figure 2, Plate XIV, of the Book of Antelopes, that a better portrait cannot be desired! Compared side by side with our Chephalophus silvicultor-specimens, every one must be struck by the distinctness of the animals. Now all specimens of C. silvicultor are trom the West-Coast of Africa and it therefore may be no wonder to meet with a differently colored species in a locality as Rhodesia, so far from the West-Coast of Africa. In the P. Z. S. L. 1902, Vol. I, p. 2, there is however a communication by Mr. Oldfield Thomas, relating an Antelope from North-Eastern Rhodesia; he said: »that there are no differences of importance per»ceptible between the Rhodesian specimen and examples »from West-Africa.” »No differences of importance,” this means that there are some differences, meanwhile »importance” is a very tensible word! The authors of the Book of Antelopes did not think the differences between the two above mentioned figures of enough importance to make a distinct species of the animal of unknown origin — but of a so different color — as that figured on Plate XIV, fig. 2! I should be inclined to suggest, that the Rhodesiaspecimen in the British Museum perhaps agrees with the latter figure and therefore belongs to the same species as our Rhodesia-specimen! And that this perhaps is the case with a frontlet and a piece of skin also received from Mr. Baragwanath of Bulawayo, obtained in the same district and now in the British Museum! This may be a correct hypothesis or not, a fact is that our Rhodesia-specimen is quite distinct from the West-African C. silvicltor, so that I propose to regard it as the type of a new species: Cephalophus Coxi, after its discoverer Mr. Cox.