Hitherto only one species of Myriophyllum has been recorded from New Guinea, viz. M. pygmaeum Mattf. (Bot. Jahrb. 69, 1938, 275—277), belonging to the austral sect. Pentapteris § Pelonastes. Recently a second species of the same section was collected in the Papuan highlands. Myriophyllum pedunculatum Hook. f. in Lond. J. Bot. 6 (1847) 474; Schindler, Pfl. Reich Heft 23 (1905) 85; Cheeseman, Man. Fl. New Zeal. ed. 2 (1925) 625; Ewart, Fl. Vict. (1930) 885; Curtis, Stud. Fl. Tasm. 1 (1956) 190; Allan, Fl. New Zeal. 1 (1961) 252.