A synopsis is given of the genus Osmoxylon, Araliaceae, in Malesia and the Bismarck Archipelago, including also one species of the Solomon Islands. In the introduction arguments are given why the genus Boerlagiodendron is merged with Osmoxylon. In all 41 species are recognized and are keyed out. Of each species the synonymy is given, as well as the distribution and collections examined; sometimes critical notes on affinity and variability are added. Two names of which the types are apparently lost and which could not be satisfactorily placed are added as insufficiently known. Nine new species have been described and 20 new combinations appeared to be necessary. Full descriptions of all species will appear in the Flora Malesiana treatment of Araliaceae to which this paper is a precursor.