Sanguisorba L. emend. Nordboig is represented in India by five taxa: S. officinalis L. subsp. longifolia (Bertol.) Purohit & Panigrahi, stat. nov., S. diandra (Hook. f.) Wallich ex Nordborg var. diandra, S. diandra var. villosa Purohit & Panigrahi, var. nov., S. filiformis (Hook, f.) Hand.-Mazz. and S. minor Scop. subsp. minor, of which S. minor is a new record for India. A key to the Indian taxa is provided, nomenclature and typification discussed; cytological, palynological, ecological data and notes on economic uses, wherever available, are furnished, range of distribution indicated and specimens examined, cited.