The list of new localities of rare species and interesting records of more common species found in the Netherlands mainly during 1978, has been subdivided into three categories: A. Netherlands species; B. Adventitious species; C. Species escaped from cultivation. Category A includes the species — also naturalised ones — belonging to the Netherlands flora, as established by the Floristic Council in 1975 and inserted in the Standard List of the Netherlands Flora 1975 (ARNOLDS & VAN DER MEIJDEN, 1976). In list A comments have been added, where necessary; adventitious records of Netherlands species are indicated with adv., escapes from cultivation with verw. The names of taxa new for the Netherlands, are in bold type.