Revised texts of a series of lectures given at a symposium on changes in the Netherlands’ macromycetes flora held in 1984. Perhaps for the first time it is demonstrated beyond doubt and in several ways that radical changes in the compositions of the macromycetes flora take place. Particularly populations of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi on poor soils are decreasing and in some cases even disappearing. But also among saprophytes and parasites important changes in quantity and distribution are recorded. Possible causes of these changes are discussed. Acid deposition and nitrification are supposed to be the major evildoers.